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Diallyl disulfide and the related trisulfide are produced by decomposition of allicin, which is released upon breaking the cells of the Alliaceae plants, especially garlic. The diallyl disulfide yield is the highest for the steam distillation of garlic bulbs which contain about 2 wt.% of diallyl disulfide-rich oil. Diallyl disulfide can also be ...
Whereas the former mechanism acts via skin rubbing which progresses into damage, the major cause of the latter is the chemical diallyl disulfide (DADS), [2] together with related compounds allyl propyl disulfide and allicin. These chemicals occur in oils of plants of the genus Allium, including garlic, onion and leek. [3]
The release is due to the breaking open of the onion cells, which releases enzymes called alliinases. Alliinases then break down amino acid sulfoxides , generating sulfenic acids . A specific sulfenic acid, allicin or 1-propenesulfenic acid, is rapidly rearranged by another enzyme, the lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) to give syn ...
Allicin is unstable and quickly changes into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl disulfide. [3] Allicin is an antifeedant, i.e. the defense mechanism against attacks by pests on the garlic plant. [4] Allicin is an oily, slightly yellow liquid that gives garlic its distinctive odor. It is a thioester of sulfenic acid.
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It is a major component of onion oil and is used in food additives and flavors. [2] Allyl propyl disulfide is present in garlic and onion. When onion or garlic is sliced, the substance evaporates and causes eyes to irritate. [3] When garlic or onion is cooked, it also evaporates, ridding them of the spicy taste, and leaving a sweet taste.