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An epigastric hernia is a type of hernia that causes fat to push through a weakened area in the walls of the abdomen. It may develop in the epigastrium (upper, central part of the abdomen).
Usually hernia has content of bowel, abdominal fat or omentum, tissue that normally would reside inside the abdominal cavity if it was not for the hernia. In some cases, the content gets trapped in the hernia sac, outside the abdominal wall. The blood flow to this trapped tissue may be compromised, or the content even strangulated in some cases.
This is a medical emergency, as the loss of blood supply to the bowel can result in necrosis (tissue death) followed by gangrene (tissue decay). This is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate surgery. [3] The term incarcerated femoral hernia is sometimes used, but may have different meanings to different authors and physicians.
Ultrasound of an indirect hernia containing fat, with testicle seen at right. T2 weighted MRI of the same case (done for another purpose), also demonstrating fat content. Ultrasound showing an indirect inguinal hernia [18] Incarcerated inguinal hernia [19] An indirect inguinal hernia results from the failure of embryonic closure of the deep ...
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
Through the abdominal wall, organs inside the pelvis can be seen, such as the urinary bladder or the ovaries and uterus in women. Because water is an excellent conductor for ultrasound waves, visualizing these structures often requires a well-filled urinary bladder (this means the patients has to drink plenty of water before the examination).
Incarcerated umbilical hernia with surrounding inflammation Symptoms and signs vary depending on the type of hernia. By far the most common hernias develop in the abdomen when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which adipose tissue , or abdominal organs covered with peritoneum , may protrude.
A Spigelian hernia is the type of ventral hernia that occurs through the Spigelian aponeurosis, which is the part of the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominal muscle bounded by the linea semilunaris (or Spigelian line) laterally and the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle medially.