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Time series: random data plus trend, with best-fit line and different applied filters. In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time.
A time series database is a software system that is optimized for storing and serving time series through associated pairs of time(s) and value(s). [1] In some fields, time series may be called profiles, curves, traces or trends. [ 2 ]
In time series analysis, the moving-average model (MA model), also known as moving-average process, is a common approach for modeling univariate time series. [1] [2] The moving-average model specifies that the output variable is cross-correlated with a non-identical to itself random-variable.
A worksheet, in the word's original meaning, is a sheet of paper on which one performs work. They come in many forms, most commonly associated with children's school work assignments, tax forms, and accounting or other business environments. Software is increasingly taking over the paper-based worksheet.
In statistics, trend analysis often refers to techniques for extracting an underlying pattern of behavior in a time series which would otherwise be partly or nearly completely hidden by noise. If the trend can be assumed to be linear, trend analysis can be undertaken within a formal regression analysis , as described in Trend estimation .
One method of surrogate data is to find a source with similar conditions or parameters, and use those data in modeling. [4] Another method is to focus on patterns of the underlying system, and to search for a similar pattern in related data sources (for example, patterns in other related species or environmental areas).
This is an important technique for all types of time series analysis, especially for seasonal adjustment. [2] It seeks to construct, from an observed time series, a number of component series (that could be used to reconstruct the original by additions or multiplications) where each of these has a certain characteristic or type of behavior.
Calculations were performed on these objects, as opposed to a range of cells, so adding two-time series automatically aligns them in calendar time, or in a user-defined time frame. Data were independent of worksheets—variables, and therefore data, could not be destroyed by deleting a row, column, or entire worksheet.