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Hydrocortisone is the pharmaceutical term for cortisol used in oral administration, intravenous injection, or topical application.It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients needing steroid treatment but unable to take oral medication, and perioperatively in ...
Hydrocortisone, or 17-hydroxycorticosterone, is under the class of glucocorticoids, which are steroids synthesized in the adrenal cortex of the kidneys. [30] [31] In order to illustrate its glucocorticoid activity, the A ring of hydrocortisone has a keto group in the 3rd carbon and a double bond between the 4th and 5th carbon. [32]
A variety of steroid medications, from anti-allergy nasal sprays (Nasonex, Flonase) to topical skin creams, to eye drops , to prednisone have been implicated in the development of central serous retinopathy (CSR). [6] [7] Corticosteroids have been widely used in treating people with traumatic brain injury. [8]
In high doses, hydrocortisone (cortisol) and those glucocorticoids with appreciable mineralocorticoid potency can exert a mineralocorticoid effect as well, although in physiologic doses this is prevented by rapid degradation of cortisol by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 in mineralocorticoid target tissues.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone . It is produced in many animals, mainly by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in an adrenal gland . [ 1 ]
Hydrocortisone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester. [ 1 ] The acetate group helps to protect the hydrocortisone molecule from being broken down by enzymes in the body (prolongs the duration of action of hydrocortisone) and allows it to be absorbed more easily.
Cortisone is converted back to the active steroid cortisol by stereospecific hydrogenation at carbon 11 by the enzyme 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, particularly in the liver. The term "cortisone" is frequently misused to mean either any corticosteroid or hydrocortisone, which is in fact cortisol. Many who speak of receiving a ...
Steroid ring system. This is a list of corticosteroids ( glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids ) or derivatives of cortisol ( hydrocortisone ). Most esters of these corticosteroids are not included in this list; for esters, see here instead.