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Charles Darwin, in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, used examples to support the idea that emotions and their "expressions are a universal part of human nature", and that people can recognize and express emotions without any training. The theory of constructed emotion calls this assumption into question.
In discrete emotion theory, all humans are thought to have an innate set of basic emotions that are cross-culturally recognizable.These basic emotions are described as "discrete" because they are believed to be distinguishable by an individual's facial expression and biological processes. [1]
He suggested eight primary bipolar emotions: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Additionally, his circumplex model makes connections between the idea of an emotion circle and a color wheel. Like colors, primary emotions can be expressed at different intensities and can mix with one ...
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions.For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust.
Across the different versions, the basic idea is very similar. Participants are asked to rate each of the emotions on a scale, and depending on the instructions given, they either rate their current feelings, feelings over the past week, or over long-term traits (i.e. how often do you feel this emotion in your day-to-day living). [5]
Emotions developed in human history cause organisms to react to environmental stimuli and challenges. [ 2 ] The major challenge for this interdisciplinary domain is to integrate research focusing on the same phenomenon, emotion and similar affective processes, starting from different perspectives, theoretical backgrounds, and levels of analysis.
Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its approach to the provision of holistic health care to humans.
Social connection is the experience of feeling close and connected to others. It involves feeling loved , cared for, and valued, [ 1 ] and forms the basis of interpersonal relationships . "Connection is the energy that exists between people when they feel seen, heard and valued; when they can give and receive without judgement; and when they ...