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Young Italy (Italian: La Giovine Italia, pronounced [la ˈdʒoːvine iˈtaːlja]) was an Italian political movement founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.A few months after leaving Italy, in June 1831, Mazzini wrote a letter to King Charles Albert of Sardinia, in which he asked him to unite Italy and lead the nation.
Young Europe (Italian: Giovine Europa; German: Junges Europa; Polish: Młoda Europa) was an international political association founded in 1834 by Giuseppe Mazzini on the model of Young Italy.
Giuseppe Mazzini (UK: / m æ t ˈ s iː n i /, [1] US: / m ɑː t ˈ-, m ɑː d ˈ z iː n i /, [2] [3] Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni]; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) [4] was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.
After the failure of these revolts, Giuseppe Mazzini, a Carbonaro who was exiled from Italy, founded the "Young Italy" group to work toward the unification of Italy, to establish a democratic republic, and to force non-Italian states to relinquish authority on the peninsula. By 1833, 60,000 people had joined the movement.
After the failure of the Italian revolutions of 1848, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy was dissolved as a political organization to form the Italian National Association (Italian: Associazione Nazionale Italiana), which was still led by Mazzini. During the 1848–1849, the Italian National Association competed against the rival Moderate Party led ...
In July 1831, in exile in Marseille, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the Young Italy movement, which aimed to transform Italy into a unitary democratic republic, according to the principles of freedom, independence and unity, but also to oust the monarchic regimes pre-existing the unification, including the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Mazzini travelled from London in secret to support the insurrection. He managed to persuade the leaders not to proclaim a republic when they rose, in the hope of support from Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy. The insurrectionary committee in turn persuaded Mazzini stay in Locarno in Switzerland until he could be sure the uprising had succeeded.
Mazzini's thoughts had a very considerable influence on the Italian and European republican movements, in the Constitution of Italy, about Europeanism and more nuanced on many politicians of a later period, among them American president Woodrow Wilson, British prime minister David Lloyd George, Mahatma Gandhi, Israeli prime minister Golda Meir ...