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Incense is composed of aromatic plant materials, often combined with essential oils. [6] The forms taken by incense differ with the underlying culture, and have changed with advances in technology and increasing number of uses. [7] Incense can generally be separated into two main types: "indirect-burning" and "direct-burning."
The English word frankincense derives from the Old French expression franc encens, meaning 'true incense', maybe with the sense of 'high quality incense'. [4] [2] The adjective franc in Old French meant 'noble, true', in this case perhaps 'pure'; although franc is ultimately derived from the tribal name of the Franks, it is not a direct reference to them in the word francincense.
Copal from Madagascar with spiders, termites, ants, elateridae, hymenoptera, cockroach and a flower A sample of copal containing a few termites. Copal is a tree resin, particularly the aromatic resins from the copal tree Protium copal (Burseraceae) used by the cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica as ceremonially burned incense and for other purposes. [1]
The Burseraceae are also known as the torchwood family, [2] the frankincense and myrrh family, or simply the incense tree family. The family includes both trees and shrubs ; its species are native to tropical regions of Africa , Asia , Australasia , and the Americas .
Two servers swing thuribles towards the congregation during a funeral. The Roman Missal, as revised in 1969, allows the use of incense at any Mass: in the entrance procession; at the beginning of Mass to incense the cross and the altar; at the Gospel procession and proclamation; after the bread and the chalice have been placed upon the altar, to incense the offerings, the cross, and the altar ...
Labdanum was “often made into incense cakes for temple offerings as well as used as a fixative in perfumes. [75] Lucas records an “instance of labdanum having been found in connection with ancient Egypt [which] is a specimen of Coptic incense of the seventh century from Faras near Wadi Halfa. [76]
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Incense smoke wafts from huge burners in Lhasa, Tibet.. The first recorded use of incense was by the Indians in the Indus Valley Civilisation in 3600 BC. Egyptians during the Fifth Dynasty, 2345-2494 BC were the first in the non-Asian world to discover the use of incense, which was used by Hindus for centuries by the time of the 5th Dynasty.