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Diabetes mellitus is also an important risk factor that is growing in importance in developing countries. [5] Other disease states that increase the risk of developing tuberculosis are Hodgkin lymphoma, end-stage renal disease, chronic lung disease, malnutrition, and alcoholism. [6] A person's genetics also play a role. [7]
However, in countries where incidence rates have declined dramatically (such as the United States), tuberculosis is mainly a disease of the elderly and immunocompromised (risk factors are listed above). [13] [181] Worldwide, 22 "high-burden" states or countries together experience 80% of cases as well as 83% of deaths. [159]
The report said there are five major risk factors that are driving most of the new tuberculosis cases, including undernutrition, HIV infection, alcohol use disorders, smoking and diabetes ...
Persons with HIV and latent tuberculosis have a 10% chance of developing active tuberculosis every year. "HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for the progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to active TB. In many African countries, 30–60% of all new TB cases occur in people with HIV, and TB is the leading cause of death ...
A list of articles pertaining to tuberculosis, an infectious disease. ... Risk factors for tuberculosis; Royal Commission on Tuberculosis; Royal touch; S. Simon focus;
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Because MDR tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, persons with active, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a multidrug-resistant strain can transmit the disease if they are alive and coughing. [41] TB strains are often less fit and less transmissible, and outbreaks occur more readily in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients with HIV ).
People with kidney failure have a 10 to 30-fold increase in risk of getting TB. People with kidney disease who are being given immunosuppressive medications or are being considered for transplant should be considered for treatment of latent tuberculosis if appropriate.