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The first water fluoridation in Europe was in West Germany and Sweden in 1952, bringing fluoridated water to about 42,000 people. By mid-1962, about 1 million Europeans in 18 communities in 11 countries were receiving fluoridated water. [64]
The water fluoridation controversy arises from political, ethical, economic, and health considerations regarding the fluoridation of public water supplies.. For deprived groups in both maturing and matured countries, international and national agencies and dental associations across the world support the safety and effectiveness of water fluoridation. [1]
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of drinking water. [ 1 ] Water fluoridation is the addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. [ 2 ]
Defluoridation is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals. Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth's potable water. [1]
Date: 24 February 2009: Source: The data for this map are taken from Table 31 (pp. 35–6) of: The British Fluoridation Society; The UK Public Health Association; The British Dental Association; The Faculty of Public Health (2004) "The extent of water fluoridation" in One in a Million: The facts about water fluoridation (2 nd ed.), pp. 55–80.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974.
Fluoridation became an official policy of the U.S. Public Health Service by 1951, and by 1960 water fluoridation had become widely used in the U.S., reaching about 50 million people. [2] By 2006, 69.2% of the U.S. population on public water systems were receiving fluoridated water, amounting to 61.5% of the total U.S. population. [3]
Waldbott, the son of Leo Waldbott and Hermine Rosenberger, was born in 1898 in Speyer, Germany. Both his parents were Jewish. Waldbott studied medicine in Heidelberg and graduated as a Dr. med. from the Medical School of the University of Heidelberg in 1921. Afterwards he emigrated to the United States, where he interned at the Henry Ford ...