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The background of the occupation of the Baltic states covers the period before the first Soviet occupation on 14 June 1940, stretching from independence in 1918 to the Soviet ultimatums in 1939–1940. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia gained independence in the aftermath of the Russian revolutions of 1917 and the German occupation which in the ...
The Baltic states proclaimed independence after the signing of the Armistice, and Bolshevik Russia invaded at the end of 1918. [151] Izvestia wrote in its 25 December 1918, issue: "Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are directly on the road from Russia to Western Europe and therefore a hindrance to our revolutions... This separating wall has to be ...
The Estonian War of Independence, [c] also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr. The campaign was the struggle of the newly ...
After the First World War (1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to the countries by the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the former Russian Empire. The term included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as Finland (which later became grouped among the Nordic countries instead).
On 1 January 2015, Lithuania joined the eurozone and adopted the European Union's single currency as the last of the Baltic states. [204] On 4 July 2018, Lithuania officially joined OECD. [205] Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009–2019) was the first female President of Lithuania and the first president to be re-elected for a second consecutive term. [206]
25 February: Operation Faustschlag: German forces capture Tallinn. Germany will not recognize the Estonian Provisional Government and will occupy its territory. 3 March: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Soviet Russia renounces its claims over Estonia. 4 March: Operation Faustschlag: German forces capture the last parts of Estonia from the Red Army.
The British campaign in the Baltic 1918–1919 was a part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The codename of the Royal Navy campaign was Operation Red Trek. [6] The intervention played a key role in enabling the establishment of the independent states of Estonia and Latvia. [7]
Estonia won the Estonian War of Independence against both Soviet Russia and the German Freikorps and Baltische Landeswehr volunteers. Independence was secured with the Tartu Peace Treaty, signed on 2 February 1920. The first Estonian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 15 April 1920. Established as a parliamentary democracy ...