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The king of Babylon (Akkadian: šakkanakki Bābili, later also šar Bābili) was the ruler of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Babylon and its kingdom, Babylonia, which existed as an independent realm from the 19th century BC to its fall in the 6th century BC.
This chart reveals the Kings of the Neo Babylonian Empire (Chaldean). The Babylonian Empire began to be a world power in 625 BC after the fall of Assyria. Babylon continued its reign until 536 BC.
Kings of Babylon. Nabopolassar (626 BC-605 BC) founder of the Neo-Babylonian empire by rebelling against and destroying Assyria. The Medes and Babylonians sacked Assyria’s capital (Nineveh) in 612 BC.
Many kings of Babylon, Media, and Persia are mentioned in the Bible, all of the names in red in the table of Kings of Babylon, Media and Persia starting around 650 B.C. in the main chart.
The Old Babylonian period is defined by the reign of a single dynasty, founded by Sumu-Abum (r. 1897–1883 BCE). A local Amorite chieftain, Sumu-Abum managed to capture the small and insignificant city of Babylon from a fellow Amorite city-state.
Nebuchadnezzar II is known as the greatest king of the Chaldean dynasty of Babylonia. He conquered Syria and Palestine and made Babylon a splendid city. He destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem and initiated the Babylonian Captivity of the Jewish population.
Babylon is the most famous city from ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modern-day Iraq 59 miles (94 km) southwest of Baghdad. The name is derived from bav-il or bav-ilim, which in Akkadian meant "Gate of God" (or "Gate of the Gods"), given as Babylon in Greek.
After Ashurbanipal’s death, a Chaldean leader, Nabopolassar, in 626 made Babylon the capital of a kingdom that under his son Nebuchadnezzar II (605–561 bce) became a major imperial power, the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the Chaldean king Nabopolassar took the throne of Babylon and, through careful alliances, created the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Appendix Four: Kings and Events of the Babylonian, Persian, and Greek Dynasties. 612 b.c. Nineveh falls to neo-Babylonian army (Nebuchadnezzar) 608. Pharaoh Necho II marched to Carchemesh to halt expansion of neo-Babylonian power.