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  2. Sun dog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_dog

    The sun dog is a member of the family of halos caused by the refraction of sunlight by ice crystals in the atmosphere. Sun dogs typically appear as a pair of subtly colored patches of light, around 22° to the left and right of the Sun, and at the same altitude above the horizon as the Sun. They can be seen anywhere in the world during any ...

  3. Halo (optical phenomenon) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(optical_phenomenon)

    A halo (from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs) 'threshing floor, disk') [ 1 ] is an optical phenomenon produced by light (typically from the Sun or Moon) interacting with ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. Halos can have many forms, ranging from colored or white rings to arcs and spots in the sky.

  4. Circumhorizontal arc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumhorizontal_arc

    A circumhorizontal arc is an optical phenomenon that belongs to the family of ice halos formed by the refraction of sunlight or moonlight in plate-shaped ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere, typically in actual cirrus or cirrostratus clouds. In its full form, the arc has the appearance of a large, brightly spectrum-coloured band (red being ...

  5. Rainbow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow

    The sky inside a primary rainbow is brighter than the sky outside of the bow. This is because each raindrop is a sphere and it scatters light over an entire circular disc in the sky. The radius of the disc depends on the wavelength of light, with red light being scattered over a larger angle than blue light.

  6. Rayleigh sky model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_sky_model

    The red band represents the circle in the north-zenith-south plane where the sky is highly polarized. The cardinal directions (N, E, S, W) are shown at 12-o'clock, 9 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 3 o'clock (counter-clockwise around the celestial sphere , since the observer is looking up at the sky).

  7. Blue field entoptic phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_field_entoptic_phenomenon

    The blue field entoptic phenomenon is an entoptic phenomenon characterized by the appearance of tiny bright dots (nicknamed blue-sky sprites) moving quickly along undulating pathways in the visual field, especially when looking into bright blue light such as the sky. [ 1 ] The dots are short-lived, visible for about one second or less, and ...

  8. Entoptic phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoptic_phenomenon

    Entoptic phenomena (from Ancient Greek ἐντός (entós) 'within' and ὀπτικός (optikós) 'visual') are visual effects whose source is within the human eye itself. (Occasionally, these are called entopic phenomena, which is probably a typographical mistake.) In Helmholtz 's words: "Under suitable conditions light falling on the eye ...

  9. Cosmic ray visual phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray_visual_phenomena

    Cosmic ray visual phenomena. Cosmic ray visual phenomena, or light flashes (LF), also known as Astronaut's Eye, are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by some astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program. While LF may be the result of actual photons of visible light being sensed by the retina ...