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In primates, the striatum is divided into the ventral striatum and the dorsal striatum, subdivisions that are based upon function and connections. The ventral striatum consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. The dorsal striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the putamen.
The ventral striatum is defined as the principal conflux of inputs representing spatial properties of the environment, desired goals, and teaching signals in the brain, playing a crucial role in selecting actions required to reach a target location and guiding goal-directed behavior.
The ventral pars compacta neurons project to the dorsal striatum, and the dorsally located dopamine neurons project to the VS. The shell region receives the most limited input, primarily derived from the medial VTA ( Lynd-Balta and Haber 1994c ).
The ventral striatum helps someone determine that a pizza is rewarding, and that they want more of it. It also plays a role in motivation — whether we want to try something. That means that the ventral striatum is important in things like mood, learning and addiction.
The striatum is sometimes conceptualized as being divided into dorsal and ventral sections; the dorsal striatum contains the caudate and putamen, while the ventral striatum contains the nucleus accumbens.
The ventral striatum refers to the inferomedial portion of the striatum, including the nucleus accumbens and the greater portion of the olfactory tubercle. From: Imaging of the Brain, 2013
The role of ventral striatum in the processes of reward, motivation, and decision-making is now generally accepted based on a broad range of results coming from neuroimaging studies in humans and from local pharmacological disturbances studies in animals, mostly rats.
DA neurons that originate in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) provide dense, topographic innervation to the striatum 20,21,22,23,24,25,26 (Fig. 1a).
The ventral striatum (VS) is widely recognized as a central hub for processing cost/benefit information 1, 2, 3. This role for the VS has been supported by robust findings from animal models...
Ventral striatum as a reinforcement learning critic. TDRL models have been remarkably successful in predicting decision-related neural activity based on internal model parameters inferred from behavioral fits in human, non-human primate and rodent studies ( 7, 8 ).