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Febrile seizures are due to fevers, [12] usually those greater than 38 °C (100.4 °F). [16] The cause of the fevers is often a viral illness. [1] The likelihood of a febrile seizure is related to how high the temperature reaches. [1] [6] Some feel that the rate of increase is not important [1] while others feel the rate of increase is a risk ...
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is onset of severe seizures (status epilepticus) following a febrile illness in someone who was previously healthy. [1] The seizures may initially be focal; however, often become tonic-clonic. [4] Complications often include intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and ongoing seizures ...
A simple febrile seizure is generalized, occurs singularly, and lasts less than 15 minutes. [19] A complex febrile seizure can be focused in an area of the body, occur more than once, and lasts for more than 15 minutes. [19] Febrile seizures affect 2–4% of children in the United States and Western Europe, it is the most common childhood ...
Treatments include cognitive rehabilitation through psychomotor and speech therapy. [5] In addition, valproate is often administered to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures and a benzodiazepine is used for long lasting seizures, but these treatments are usually insufficient. [19]
The epileptic seizure in the vast majority of pediatric epilepsy patients is ephemeral, and symptoms typically subside on their own after the seizure comes to an end, but some children experience what is known as a “seizure cluster," in which the first seizure is followed by a second episode approximately six hours later.
Systemic infection with high fever is a common cause of seizures, especially in children. [3] [25] These are called febrile seizures and occur in 2–5% of children between the ages of six months and five years. [26] [25] Acute infection of the brain, such as encephalitis or meningitis are also causes of seizures. [3]
Phenobarbital was used for over 25 years as prophylaxis in the treatment of febrile seizures. [56] Although an effective treatment in preventing recurrent febrile seizures, it had no positive effect on patient outcome or risk of developing epilepsy. The treatment of simple febrile seizures with anticonvulsant prophylaxis is no longer recommended.
Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS), also referred to as benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE), is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of seizures. This condition manifests in newborns as brief and frequent episodes of tonic-clonic seizures with asymptomatic periods in between. [ 2 ]