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  2. Fortress Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Europe

    D-day assault map of Normandy and northwest coastal France. In British phraseology, Fortress Europe meant the battle honour accorded to Royal Air Force and Allied squadrons during the war, but to qualify, operations had to be made by aircraft based in Britain against targets in Germany, Italy and other parts of German-occupied Europe, in the period from the fall of France to the Normandy invasion.

  3. German World War II fortresses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_World_War_II_fortresses

    German fortresses (German: Festungen or Fester Platz, lit. ' fixed place '; called pockets by the Allies) during World War II were bridgeheads, cities, islands and towns designated by Adolf Hitler as areas that were to be fortified and stocked with food and ammunition in order to hold out against Allied offensives.

  4. Fortified position of Namur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortified_position_of_Namur

    Map: The forts of Namur on uMap. The fortified position of Namur (French: position fortifiée de Namur [PFN]) was established by Belgium after the First World War to fortify the traditional invasion corridor between Germany and France through Belgium.

  5. Operation Astonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Astonia

    Operation Astonia was the code name for an Allied attack on the German-held Channel port of Le Havre in France, during the Second World War.The city had been declared a Festung (fortress) by Hitler, to be held to the last man.

  6. Fortification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortification

    Such was the fate of the many defensive lines built before and during World War II, such as the Siegfried Line, the Stalin Line, and the Atlantic Wall. This was not the case with the Maginot Line; it was designed to force the Germans to invade other countries (Belgium or Switzerland) to go around it, and was successful in that sense. [49]

  7. Atlantic Wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Wall

    The Atlantic Wall (German: Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II.

  8. List of forts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forts

    The municipalities that use the term fort in their name do so for historical reasons, with many of these communities resulting from the outgrowth of migrants that settled around the original fort. Many of these municipalities continue to bear use the term fort in their names, regardless of whether or not the original fortification and/or ...

  9. Czechoslovak border fortifications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_border...

    Many of the open museums are located between Ostrava and Opava, with more being near the town of Králíky near Kłodzk close to the present Polish border, which had been the German border before World War II. Of the nine artillery forts that were either completed or under construction by September 1938, six now function as museums while two ...