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U+2252 ≒ APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF: Which is used like "≈" or "≃" in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. U+2253 ≓ IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO: A reversed variation of U+2252 ≒ APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF. U+225F ≟ QUESTIONED EQUAL TO: U+2A85 ⪅ LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE: U+2A86 ⪆ GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE
Greek letters (e.g. θ, β) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters). [3]A tilde (~) denotes "has the probability distribution of". Placing a hat, or caret (also known as a circumflex), over a true parameter denotes an estimator of it, e.g., ^ is an estimator for .
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of event A taking place in the presence of B, and the odds of A in the absence of B. Due to symmetry, odds ratio reciprocally calculates the ratio of the odds of B occurring in the presence of A, and the odds of B in the absence of A.
In medicine, it may mean "with or without" in some cases. [6] [7] In engineering, the sign indicates the tolerance, which is the range of values that are considered to be acceptable or safe, or which comply with some standard or with a contract. In chemistry, the sign is used to indicate a racemic mixture.
The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion if the center of the data is measured about the mean. This is because the standard deviation from the mean is smaller than from any other point.
A mean is a quantity representing the "center" of a collection of numbers and is intermediate to the extreme values of the set of numbers. [1] There are several kinds of means (or "measures of central tendency") in mathematics, especially in statistics.
For example, the sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean. This means that the expected value of the sample mean equals the true population mean. [1] A descriptive statistic is used to summarize the sample data. A test statistic is used in statistical hypothesis testing. A single statistic can be used for multiple purposes ...