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Chain mail (also known as chain-mail, mail or maille) [1] is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was in common military use between the 3rd century BC and the 16th century AD in Europe, while it continued to be used in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East as late as the 17th century.
Neck: Aventail or camail: Detachable mail hung from a helmet to protect the neck and shoulders, often worn with bassinets. Bevor: Worn with a sallet to cover the jaw and throat (extending somewhat down the sternum). May also cover the back of the neck if worn with a bassinet rather than a sallet. May be solid or made of lames. Sometimes worn ...
4-1 link pattern. The most common pattern of linking the rings together is the 4-to-1 pattern, where each ring is linked with four others. Historically, the rings composing a piece of mail would be riveted closed to reduce the chance of the rings splitting open when subjected to an attack.
[2] [3] The term later described a steel or leather collar to protect the throat, a set of pieces of plate armour, or a single piece of plate armour hanging from the neck and covering the throat and chest. Later, particularly from the 18th century, the gorget became primarily ornamental, serving as a symbolic accessory on military uniforms, a ...
Bascinet with a bretache (nose protection) and aventail (chainmail neck protection). This illustration shows a bascinet with a type of detachable nasal (nose protector) called the bretache or bretèche made of sheet metal. [10] The bretache was attached to the aventail at the chin, and it fastened to a hook or clamp on the brow of the helmet. [10]
Mail and plate armour (plated mail, plated chainmail, splinted mail/chainmail) is a type of mail with embedded plates. Armour of this type has been used in the Middle East , North Africa , Ottoman Empire , Japan , China , Korea , Vietnam , Central Asia , Greater Iran , India , Eastern Europe , and Nusantara .
The rings were riveted together piece by piece, forming a complete tissue of iron, and were called grains d’orge due to their resemblance to barley grains. [16] The sleeves sometimes only went to the elbow, but often were full arm length, with some covering the hands with a supple glove leather face on the palm of the hand, or even full mail ...
Augustan period statue of a Gaulish soldier wearing a Roman lorica hamata. Modern historians believe that mail armor was invented by the Celts. [3] [4] With the idea for this form of mail possibly coming to Rome during conflicts with the Celts in the 3rd century BC, [5] [2] lorica hamata was used by both legionary and auxilia troops. [2]
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