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  2. List of shell icon overlay identifiers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Shell_Icon_Overlay...

    Online-only files do not take up space on your device, file is only available online, but can be downloaded with internet. (i.e. UpToDateCloudOverlayHandler Class) (Symbol: Blue cloud) OneDrive4 Files is "Always-keep-on device". 'Always available files' download to device and take up space, always available even without internet.

  3. Device Manager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_Manager

    Windows successfully loaded the device driver for this hardware but cannot find the hardware device. 42: Windows cannot run the driver for this device because there is a duplicate device already running in the system. 43: Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. 44: An application or service has shut down this hardware ...

  4. Windows Driver Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Driver_Model

    Common device driver compatibility issues include: a 32-bit device driver is required for a 32-bit Windows operating system, and a 64-bit device driver is required for a 64-bit Windows operating system. 64-bit device drivers must be signed by Microsoft, because they run in kernel mode and have unrestricted access to the computer hardware. For ...

  5. Peripheral Component Interconnect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component...

    Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) [3] is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor's native bus.

  6. Message Signaled Interrupts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Signaled_Interrupts

    The device is programmed with an address to write to (this address is generally a control register in an interrupt controller), and a 16-bit data word to identify it. The interrupt number is added to the data word to identify the interrupt. [1] Some platforms such as Windows do not use all 32 interrupts but only use up to 16 interrupts. [7]

  7. Device driver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver

    In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. [1] A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions without needing to ...

  8. PCI configuration space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_configuration_space

    One of the major improvements the PCI Local Bus had over other I/O architectures was its configuration mechanism. In addition to the normal memory-mapped and I/O port spaces, each device function on the bus has a configuration space, which is 256 bytes long, addressable by knowing the eight-bit PCI bus, five-bit device, and three-bit function numbers for the device (commonly referred to as the ...

  9. Option ROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_ROM

    If a device has no PnP Expansion header, it may perform any hook in the routine at +03h, as it is a legacy card. In the initial initialization routine, as the Option ROM points to a PCI data structure (not the same as the configuration space), the option ROM code knows the device and vendor ID is at a fixed offset from RIP.