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A japamala, jaap maala, or simply mala (Sanskrit: माला; mālā, meaning 'garland' [1]) is a loop of prayer beads commonly used in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.
Japa is the repeating of the name of a deity or a mantra. Mala (Sanskrit: माला mālā) means "garland" or "wreath". [30] Japamala are used for repetition of a mantra, for other forms of sādhanā or "spiritual exercise" and as an aid to meditation. The most common mala have 108 beads. [31]
Japa (Sanskrit: जप) is the meditative repetition of a mantra or a divine name. It is a practice found in Hinduism , [ 1 ] Jainism , [ 2 ] Sikhism , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and Buddhism , [ 5 ] with parallels found in other religions .
The inner thread of Japa Mala, states the text, signifies the Ultimate Reality (Brahman-Atman), the silver thread on its right symbolizes Shiva, the copper thread on left of Vishnu, the face is Sarasvati, the bottom is Gayatri, the hole of each bead a reminder of Jnana (knowledge), and the knot is Prakriti (nature). [4] [5]
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She may be depicted as four-armed, carrying noose and rosary (japa mala), elephant goad, lotus and a fruit. [4] Her mount, or vahana , is the rooster. [ 12 ] Yaksha-Yakshi pair sculptures of Padmavati Ambika and Dharanendra are one of the most favoured along with Gomukha - Chakreshwari and Sarvahanabhuti- Ambika .
Mantra japa is a practice of repetitively uttering the same mantra [49] for an auspicious number of times, the most popular being 108, and sometimes just 5, 10, 28 or 1008. [2] [50] Japa is found in personal prayer or meditative efforts of some Hindus, as well during formal puja (group prayers).
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