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The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea.
66–73 CE: First Jewish-Roman War, with the Judean rebellion led by Simon Bar Giora; 70 CE: Siege of Jerusalem (70) Titus, eldest son of Emperor Vespasian, ends the major portion of First Jewish–Roman War and destroys Herod's Temple on Tisha B'Av. The Roman legion Legio X Fretensis is garrisoned in the city. The Sanhedrin is relocated to Yavne.
The Talmud comments that "He who has not seen the Temple of Herod has never seen a beautiful building in his life." And Tacitus wrote that "Jerusalem is the capital of the Jews. In it was a Temple possessing enormous riches." [20] Herod also built Caesarea Maritima which replaced Jerusalem as the capital of the Roman province.
In Rome, Jewish communities thrived economically. Jews became a significant part of the Roman Empire's population in the first century CE, with some estimates as high as 7 million people; [1] [2] however, this estimation has been questioned. [3] [4] Roman general Pompey conquered Jerusalem and its surroundings by 63 BCE.
The events leading to the First Jewish–Roman War and the war itself are depicted in Window To Yesterday The Swordsman. [70] The First Jewish–Roman War and the Siege of Jerusalem are depicted in The Lost Wisdom of the Magi, [71] in the 1961 American film King of Kings, as well as in the 2021 Israeli film The Legend of Destruction. [citation ...
The First Jewish–Roman War began in the year 66 CE, originating in the Greek and Jewish religious tensions, and later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens. [35] In response to the Roman plunder of the Second Jewish Temple and the execution of up to 6,000 Jews in Jerusalem, a full-scale rebellion erupted.
In 63 BCE Pompey and the Roman army arrived in Jerusalem, besieged the Temple and then took it by storm, bringing an end to Jewish sovereignty. In 40 BCE, the Roman Senate granted Herod, Antipater's son, the title of King of Judea. Aided by Roman troops, Herod took Jerusalem from Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmoean rule. [35]
The Roman–Jewish Treaty was an agreement made between Judah Maccabee and the Roman Republic in 161 BCE according to 1 Maccabees 8:17–20 and Josephus. It was the first recorded contract between the Jewish people and the Romans. The agreement with Rome failed to affect Demetrius' policy.