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The superior planets, orbiting outside the Earth's orbit, do not exhibit a full range of phases since their maximum phase angles are smaller than 90°. Mars often appears significantly gibbous, it has a maximum phase angle of 45°. Jupiter has a maximum phase angle of 11.1° and Saturn of 6°, [1] so their phases are almost always full.
"Inferior planet" refers to Mercury and Venus, which are closer to the Sun than Earth is. "Superior planet" refers to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (the latter two added later), which are further from the Sun than Earth is. The terms are sometimes used more generally; for example, Earth is an inferior planet relative to Mars.
Diagram showing the eastern and western quadratures of a superior planet like Mars. In spherical astronomy, quadrature is the configuration of a celestial object in which its elongation is a right angle (90 degrees), i.e., the direction of the object as viewed from Earth is perpendicular to the position of the Sun relative to Earth.
Richard Sharpe, FBA, FSA, FRHistS, Hon. MRIA (17 February 1954 – 22 March 2020) [1] [2] [3] was a British historian and academic, who was Professor of Diplomatic at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Wadham College, Oxford.
Richard Sharpe and the Siege of Badajoz, January to April 1812: 1982: 14: Sharpe's Command: Richard Sharpe and the Bridge at Almaraz, May 1812: 2023: 15: Sharpe's Sword: Richard Sharpe and the Salamanca Campaign, June and July 1812: 1983: 15.1: Sharpe's Skirmish: Richard Sharpe and the Defence of the Tormes, August 1812 (short story) 1999
General "Daddy" Hill sends Major [1] Sharpe on a reconnaissance mission to evaluate the defences protecting a vital French pontoon bridge across the River Tagus at Almaraz, Spain. The bridge is the only means by which the two French armies in Spain, one north of the river and the other south, can speedily come to each other's aid if attacked.
Sharpe's patrol ambushes and annihilates a French column of reinforcements, capturing a resupply cart and a doctor bringing quinine for the comte's mother. Resisting the temptation to save it for his wife, Sharpe allows it to be administered to the ailing woman. One of Sharpe's men, Rifleman Robinson, is found with a local French girl.
Major General Nairn: Sharpe's superior, giving orders while Lord Wellington is away in Lisbon; Pot-au-Feu: Sergeant Deron, who appears in Sharpe's Havoc, and is the leader of the renegade band of deserters; Obadiah Hakeswill: Sharpe's old enemy and former sergeant in the South Essex, now Colonel in the renegade deserter army