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UTM eastings range from about 166 000 meters to 834 000 meters at the equator. In the northern hemisphere positions are measured northward from zero at the equator. The maximum "northing" value is about 9 300 000 meters at latitude 84 degrees North, the north end of the UTM zones. The southern hemisphere's northing at the equator is set at 10 ...
The set of parameters can vary based on the type of project and the conventions chosen for the projection. For the transverse Mercator projection used in UTM, the parameters associated are the latitude and longitude of the natural origin, the false northing and false easting, and an overall scale factor. [7]
The false northing, N 0, is the distance of the true grid origin north of the false origin. If the true origin of the grid is at latitude φ 0 on the central meridian and the scale factor the central meridian is k 0 then these definitions give eastings and northings by:
1234 5678 (numerical location; easting is 1234 and northing is 5678, in this case specifying a location with 10 m resolution) An MGRS grid reference is a point reference system. When the term 'grid square' is used, it can refer to a square with a side length of 10 km (6 mi), 1 km, 100 m (328 ft), 10 m or 1 m, depending on the precision of the ...
Paper maps often are published with overlaid rectangular (as opposed to latitude/longitude) grids to provide a reference to identify locations. However, these grids, if non-standard or proprietary (such as so-called "bingo" grids with references such as "B-4"), are typically not interoperable with each other, nor can they usually be used with GPS.
central meridian longitude: 2°W central meridian scale factor : 0.9996012717 projection origin: 2°W and 0°N true grid origin: 2°W and 49°N false easting of true grid origin, E0 (metres): 400,000 false northing of true grid origin, N0 (metres): -100,000 E = E0 + x = 400000 + x N = N0 + y -k0*m(49°)= y - 5527063
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Hence, any 15 degree quadrangle can be identified by two letters; the easting (longitude) is given first, followed by the northing (latitude). These two letters are the first two characters of a full GEOREF coordinate. Each 15-degree quadrangle is further divided into smaller quadrangles, measuring 1 degree of longitude by 1 degree of latitude.