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The mutual center of mass may even be inside the larger object. For the derivation of the solutions to the problem, see Classical central-force problem or Kepler problem. In principle, the same solutions apply to macroscopic problems involving objects interacting not only through gravity, but through any other attractive scalar force field ...
In 2013, physicists Milovan Šuvakov and Veljko Dmitrašinović at the Institute of Physics in Belgrade discovered 13 new families of solutions for the equal-mass zero-angular-momentum three-body problem. [8] [14] In 2015, physicist Ana Hudomal discovered 14 new families of solutions for the equal-mass zero-angular-momentum three-body problem. [19]
The experimental determination of a body's center of mass makes use of gravity forces on the body and is based on the fact that the center of mass is the same as the center of gravity in the parallel gravity field near the earth's surface. The center of mass of a body with an axis of symmetry and constant density must lie on this axis.
No exact solutions of the Kepler problem have been found, but an approximate solution has: the Schwarzschild solution. This solution pertains when the mass M of one body is overwhelmingly greater than the mass m of the other. If so, the larger mass may be taken as stationary and the sole contributor to the gravitational field.
The Euler three-body problem is known by a variety of names, such as the problem of two fixed centers, the Euler–Jacobi problem, and the two-center Kepler problem. The exact solution, in the full three dimensional case, can be expressed in terms of Weierstrass's elliptic functions [2] For convenience, the problem may also be solved by ...
The problem is also important because some more complicated problems in classical physics (such as the two-body problem with forces along the line connecting the two bodies) can be reduced to a central-force problem. Finally, the solution to the central-force problem often makes a good initial approximation of the true motion, as in calculating ...
F = total force acting on the center of mass m = mass of the body I 3 = the 3×3 identity matrix a cm = acceleration of the center of mass v cm = velocity of the center of mass τ = total torque acting about the center of mass I cm = moment of inertia about the center of mass ω = angular velocity of the body α = angular acceleration of the body
A possible set of Jacobi coordinates for four-body problem; the Jacobi coordinates are r 1, r 2, r 3 and the center of mass R. See Cornille. [2] In the theory of many-particle systems, Jacobi coordinates often are used to simplify the mathematical formulation.