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Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects. Caring for a child in pain may cause distress to the caregiver, may cause costs due to healthcare or lost wages from time off work, and may stop caregivers from leaving the house. [citation needed]
The management of chronic pain in children aims also to help the child and their family reintegrate into a more functional routine and improve their daily struggle. The focus changes from immediate pain relief to enhancing functional improvements while managing the presence of pain.
Studies have demonstrated the usefulness of cognitive behavioral therapy in the management of chronic low back pain, producing significant decreases in physical and psychosocial disability. [36] CBT is significantly more effective than standard care in treatment of people with body-wide pain, like fibromyalgia.
Psychological factors that affect pain include self-efficacy, anxiety, fear, abuse, life stressors, and pain catastrophizing, which is particularly responsive to behavioral interventions. [7] In addition, one's genetic predisposition to psychological distress and pain sensitivity will affect pain management.
Interventional pain management or interventional pain medicine is a medical subspecialty defined by the National Uniforms Claims Committee (NUCC) as, " invasive interventions such as the discipline of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of pain related disorders principally with the application of interventional techniques in managing sub acute, chronic, persistent, and intractable ...
Childhood chronic illnesses are common among school-aged children in the United States, and these illnesses often require management within school settings for a child to safely attend. [30] At any stage, children with chronic illness can have reduced quality of life , especially if the children or their families are of low socioeconomic status .
Other techniques used in the management of chronic pain may also be of use; these include massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, trigger point injections, surgical ablation, and non-interventional therapies such as meditation, yoga, and music and art therapy. [3] There are also interventions known as pain control programs that ...
"A comparison of morphine administered by patient-controlled analgesia and regularly scheduled intramuscular injection in severe, postoperative pain". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 3 (1): 15– 22. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(88)90133-9. PMID 3351344. Sechzer PH (1971). "Studies in pain with the analgesic-demand system". Anesthesia and ...