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METAR is a format for reporting weather information. A METAR weather report is predominantly used by aircraft pilots, and by meteorologists, who use aggregated METAR information to assist in weather forecasting. Raw METAR is the most common format in the world for the transmission of observational weather data.
Surface weather observations are the fundamental data used for safety as well as climatological reasons to forecast weather and issue warnings worldwide. [1] They can be taken manually, by a weather observer, by computer through the use of automated weather stations , or in a hybrid scheme using weather observers to augment the otherwise ...
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY .
This allows map users to analyze patterns in atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, precipitation, and other parameters. [1] The most common station plots depict surface weather observations although upper air plots at various mandatory levels are also frequently depicted.
Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) on 10 August 2010, at Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air ...
Each science has its own unique sets of laboratory equipment. Meteorology, however, is a science which does not use much laboratory equipment but relies more on on-site observation and remote sensing equipment. In science, an observation, or observable, is an abstract idea that can be measured and for which data can be taken. Rain was one of ...
The World Meteorological Organization acts to standardize the instrumentation, observing practices and timing of these observations worldwide. Stations either report hourly in METAR reports, [36] or every six hours in SYNOP reports. [37] Sites launch radiosondes, which rise through the depth of the troposphere and well into the stratosphere. [38]
A TTF is a professionally considered forecast for weather over a two-hour period, [1] and is based on an actual weather report, such as a METAR or SPECI and appended to the end of it. [1] A TTF is similar to or sometimes in addition to a TAF, a terminal aerodrome forecast, but during the TTF's validity period is considered superior to a TAF.