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The Holocaust (/ ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / ⓘ), [1] known in Hebrew as the Shoah (שואה), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Evidence collected by the prosecution for the Nuremberg trials Corpses found at Klooga concentration camp by the Red Army Holocaust death toll as a percentage of the total pre-war Jewish population in Europe. The Holocaust—the murder of about six million Jews by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945—is the most-documented genocide in history.
A timeline of the Holocaust is detailed in the events which are listed below. Also referred to as the Shoah (in Hebrew), the Holocaust was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Nazi Germany and its World War II collaborators. About 1.5 million of the victims were children.
During the height of the Holocaust from 1941 to 1943, the Jewish population of the concentration camps was low. [31] Extermination camps for the mass murder of Jews—Kulmhof, Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka—were set up outside the concentration camp system.
Perhaps the deadliest of these Holocaust-era pogroms was the Iași pogrom in Romania, in which as many as 14,000 Jews were killed by Romanian citizens, police, and military officials. By December 1941, Adolf Hitler decided to completely exterminate European Jews. [ 8 ]
Der Holocaust als offenes Geheimnis: die Deutschen, die NS-Führung und die Alliierten [The Holocaust as an open secret : the Germans, the Nazi leadership and the Allies] (in German). Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-54978-6. Bankier, David (1996). The Germans and the Final Solution: Public Opinion Under Nazism. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-631-20100-7.
On January 27, 2020, over 200 Auschwitz and Holocaust survivors met in front of the Death Gate at the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the liberation. The anniversary of the date of the liberation is recognized by the United Nations and the European Union as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
Jews in Germany were systematically persecuted, deported, imprisoned, and murdered as part of the Europe-wide Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany. Overall, of the 522,000 Jews living in Germany in January 1933, approximately 304,000 emigrated during the first six years of Nazi rule and about 214,000 were left on the eve of World War II .