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The PEG treatment is often paired with vacuum freeze-drying, as the eutectic point of most PEG solutions is below the freezing point of water. This allows the "free" waterlogging water to sublimate in the process of freeze-drying, which minimizes damage to the wood by preventing ice from forming within the cells and expanding, causing more ...
Wood affected by woodworm. Signs of woodworm usually consist of holes in the wooden item, with live infestations showing powder (faeces), known as frass, around the holes.. The size of the holes varies, but they are typically 1 to 1.5 millimetres (5 ⁄ 128 to 1 ⁄ 16 in) in diameter for the most common household species, although they can be much larger in the case of the house longhorn beet
Fragment of a broomstick affected by woodworm. Woodboring beetles are commonly detected a few years after new construction. The lumber supply may have contained wood infected with beetle eggs or larvae, and since beetle life cycles can be one or more years, several years may pass before the presence of beetles becomes noticeable.
Woodworm holes and burrows exposed in wooden floorboard. The first step in pest control is prevention. Particularly important in this respect is to keep the timber dry - below 16% moisture content. A relative humidity within the building above 60% may lead to an infestation, and timber moisture content below 12% is too dry for an infection to ...
Each white lump marks the top of a deep ground-freezing tap. Cross section of a ground freezing pipe as used in the Big Dig. Ground freezing is a construction technique used in circumstances where soil needs to be stabilized so it will not collapse next to excavations, or to prevent contaminants spilled into soil from being leached away. [1]
The frost line—also known as frost depth or freezing depth—is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources.
Cryopreservation is a hallmark method for fungi that do not sporulate (otherwise other preservation methods for spores can be used at lower costs and ease), sporulate but have delicate spores (large or freeze-dry sensitive), are pathogenic (dangerous to keep metabolically active fungus) or are to be used for genetic stocks (ideally to have an ...
Artemisia annua belongs to the plant family of Asteraceae and is an annual short-day plant. Its stem is erect and brownish or violet-brown. The plant itself is hairless and naturally grows from 30 to 100 cm tall, although in cultivation plants can reach a height of 200 cm.