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Sclerenchyma is the tissue which makes the plant hard and stiff. Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist: fibers cellular and sclereids. Their cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Sclerenchyma cells are the principal supporting cells in plant tissues that have ceased elongation.
The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of the primary plant body. In some older works the cells of the leaf epidermis have been regarded as specialized parenchyma cells, [1] but the established modern preference has long been to classify the epidermis as dermal tissue, [2] whereas parenchyma is classified as ground tissue. [3]
Dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to protect the stem tissue, and control gas exchange. [6] The predominant cells of dermal tissue are epidermal cells. [6] Ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, and they surround vascular tissue. Ground tissue is important ...
Meristematic tissues are classified into three main types based on their location and function: apical meristems, found at the tips of roots and shoots; intercalary or basal meristems, located in the middle regions of stems or leaves, enabling regrowth; and lateral meristems or cambium, responsible for secondary growth in woody plants. At the ...
The cells of the body's surface form the outer layer of skin. Inside the body, epithelial cells form the lining of the mouth and alimentary canal and protect these organs. Epithelial tissues help in the elimination of waste. Epithelial tissues secrete enzymes and/or hormones in the form of glands. Some epithelial tissue perform secretory functions.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
In older endodermal cells, suberin may be more extensively deposited on all cell wall surfaces and the cells can become lignified, forming a complete waterproof layer. Some plants have a large number of amyloplasts (starch containing organelles) in their endodermal cells, in which case the endodermis may be called a starch sheath.
Pebble-plants or living stones (e.g. Lithops, Conophytum) have reduced their leaves to just two, forming a fleshy body, only the top of which may be visible above ground. Ferocactus pilosus (Mexican lime cactus), a stem succulent. Stem succulents are generally either leafless or have leaves which can be quickly shed in the event of drought ...