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The U.S. constitutional amendment process. The convention method of ratification described in Article V is an alternate route to considering the pro and con arguments of a particular proposed amendment, as the framers of the Constitution wanted a means of potentially bypassing the state legislatures in the ratification process.
State ratifying conventions in three-fourths (presently 38) of the states. [4] The decision of which ratification method will be used for any given amendment is Congress' alone to make. [3] Only for the 21st amendment was the latter procedure invoked and followed. Upon being properly ratified, an amendment becomes an operative addition to the ...
State applications for an Article V convention (and rescissions thereof) State Issue / Topic Date of approval by state's legislature Receipt by Congress Application classification (or year of application's rescission) Virginia Bill of Rights November 14, 1788: AC V.1 258-259 (II) 2004 New York Bill of Rights February 5, 1789: AC V.1 282 Text ...
Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the Constitution (30–0). [38] [39] December 11 • Ratifying convention begins in New Jersey. [40] December 12 • Ratification Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the Constitution (46–23). [38] [39] December 18 • Ratification New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the ...
In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments , and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all ...
The ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island was the 1790 decision by the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ("Rhode Island") to accede to the United States Constitution. It was a controversial process which occurred only after the United States threatened a trade embargo against Rhode Island for non-compliance.
1855 J. H. Colton Company map of Virginia that predates the West Virginia partition by seven years.. Numerous state partition proposals have been put forward since the 1776 establishment of the United States that would partition an existing U.S. state or states so that a particular region might either join another state or create a new state.
The William J. Benson contention claims procedural issues in the ratification process, violations of state law, and that the legislatures of various states passed ratifying resolutions in which the quoted text of the Amendment differed from the text proposed by Congress in terms of capitalization, spelling of words, or punctuation marks (e.g ...