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  2. Geopotential height - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential_height

    Geopotential height differs from geometric height (as given by a tape measure) because Earth's gravity is not constant, varying markedly with altitude and latitude; thus, a 1-m geopotential height difference implies a different vertical distance in physical space: "the unit-mass must be lifted higher at the equator than at the pole, if the same ...

  3. Geopotential spherical harmonic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential_spherical...

    In geophysics and physical geodesy, a geopotential model is the theoretical analysis of measuring and calculating the effects of Earth's gravitational field (the geopotential). The Earth is not exactly spherical, mainly because of its rotation around the polar axis that makes its shape slightly oblate.

  4. Geopotential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential

    Geopotential is the potential of the Earth's gravity field. For convenience it is often defined as the negative of the potential energy per unit mass , so that the gravity vector is obtained as the gradient of the geopotential, without the negation.

  5. Vertical position - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_position

    Sometimes a geopotential metre (symbol gpm or m') or dynamic metre is introduced for emphasis. [3] [4] However, this practice is not acceptable with the International System of Units (SI). [a] Another non-SI unit is the vertical metre, introduced when there may be confusion between vertical, horizontal, or slant distances.

  6. Theoretical gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_gravity

    In geodesy and geophysics, theoretical gravity or normal gravity is an approximation of Earth's gravity, on or near its surface, by means of a mathematical model.The most common theoretical model is a rotating Earth ellipsoid of revolution (i.e., a spheroid).

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  8. International Standard Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard...

    at each geopotential altitude, where g is the standard acceleration of gravity, and R specific is the specific gas constant for dry air (287.0528J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1). The solution is given by the barometric formula. Air density must be calculated in order to solve for the pressure, and is used in calculating dynamic pressure for moving vehicles.

  9. Barometric formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_formula

    Pressure as a function of the height above the sea level. There are two equations for computing pressure as a function of height. The first equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed to vary with altitude at a non null lapse rate of : = [,, ()] ′, The second equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed not to ...