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Varieties of Hindko also possess a number of diphthongs (like /ai/). Which of the many (typically around a dozen) overt vowel combinations should be seen as representing an underlying single segment (a diphthong) rather than simply a sequence of two separate underlying vowels, has varied with the analysis used and the dialect studied.
Illustration of a Hindki in Peshawar in the book “An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul” (1815) by Mountstuart Elphinstone.. Hindkowans, [1] [2] also known as the Hindki, [3] [4] is a contemporary designation for speakers of Indo-Aryan languages who live among the neighbouring Pashtuns, [5] [2] particularly the speakers of various Hindko dialects of Western Punjabi (Lahnda).
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
A language model is a model of natural language. [1] Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, [2] machine translation, [3] natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, [4] handwriting recognition, [5] grammar induction, [6] and information retrieval.
The fact that during language acquisition, children are largely only exposed to positive evidence, [8] meaning that the only evidence for what is a correct form is provided, and no evidence for what is not correct, [9] was a limitation for the models at the time because the now available deep learning models were not available in late 1980s. [10]
Hindko is the most spoken language of Hazara Division followed by Kohistani, Shina and various Dardic languages and Pashto. Hindko speaking Hazarewals reside in and form the majority of the Haripur District, Abbottabad District, and Mansehra District. The Hindko speaking population consists of the Syeds, Awans, Gujjars, Tanolis, Swatis, Abbasis ...
The Tanoli (Hindko/Urdu: تنولی، تناولی) are a Hindkowan tribe living mainly in the Hazara area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. [1] [2] They form the majority of the population of Lassan Nawab union council. [3] The Tanoli describe themselves as Barlas Turks. They never submitted to the British colonial rule in the 1840s.
Although AI seems to be evolving rapidly, it faces many technical challenges. For example, in many cases the language used by AI is very vague, and thus confusing for the user to understand. In addition, there is a "black-box problem" [11] [10] in which there is a lack of transparency and interpretability in the language of AI outputs. In ...