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Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.
Lime softening is the process in which lime is added to hard water to make it softer. It has several advantages [further explanation needed] over the ion-exchange method but is mainly suited to commercial treatment applications. [13]
Station for complex water treatment SKO-10K. One of the first steps in most conventional water purification processes is the addition of chemicals to assist in the removal of particles suspended in water. Particles can be inorganic such as clay and silt or organic such as algae, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and natural organic matter.
The treatment process was conceived by Dr. John L. Leal and the chlorination plant was designed by George Warren Fuller. [132] Over the next few years, chlorine disinfection using chloride of lime were rapidly installed in drinking water systems around the world. [133]
Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.
The alum dosage is also insufficient to cause toxicity in humans, and is often similar to alum doses used in conventional drinking water treatment. [8] To reduce negative biological effects, the accepted limit for dissolved aluminum concentrations in a water body is 50 μg Al/L and pH should be restricted to a range of 5.5-9. [2]
Cement: Calcium oxide is a key ingredient for the process of making cement. As a cheap and widely available alkali. About 50% of the total quicklime production is converted to calcium hydroxide before use. Both quick- and hydrated lime are used in the treatment of drinking water. [10]
Limestone is the raw material for production of lime, primarily known for treating soils, purifying water and smelting copper. Lime is an important ingredient used in chemical industries. [ 110 ] Limestone and (to a lesser extent) marble are reactive to acid solutions, making acid rain a significant problem to the preservation of artifacts made ...