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For example, negative politeness is the norm in some cultures (Japan and Britain) but not others that prefer positive politeness (Australia) [9] and some cultures use politeness strategies when there is no face threat, such as the Japanese honorific system. [42]
It is in line with Brown and Levinson's positive politeness strategies of "seek agreement" and "avoid disagreement", to which they attach great importance. However, it is not being claimed that people totally avoid disagreement. It is simply observed that they are much more direct in expressing agreement, rather than disagreement. For example:
The T–V distinction is a common example in Western languages, while some Asian languages extend this to avoiding pronouns entirely. Some languages have complex politeness systems, such as Korean speech levels and honorific speech in Japanese. Japanese is perhaps the most widely known example of a language that encodes politeness at its core ...
Use politeness strategies such as hedging opinions, and making requests that allow freedom of action. [13] Use euphemisms when appropriate. Using euphemistic language properly in communication can take care of the other side's face and make it easier to be accepted by the other side.
People strive to maintain the face they have created in social situations. They are emotionally attached to their faces, so they feel good when their faces are maintained; loss of face results in emotional pain, so in social interactions people cooperate by using politeness strategies to maintain each other's faces. [citation needed]
The strategies considered were don't’ do the face threatening act, negative politeness, positive politeness and bald on strategy. The unethical communication was classified as one that was either deceptive, manipulative, exploitative, intrusive or coercive.
In Bill's case, the scammer employed a "long-play" strategy. By engaging in friendly conversation and offering invitations, the scammer aims to build trust over time. The end goal could be:
For example, Darics and Erika’s 2010 paper focuses on politeness strategies in instant messaging within virtual teams, where team members can use specific language forms like abbreviations and polite phrases to promote and maintain team relationships. Darics, Erika. (2010). "Politeness in Computer-Mediated Discourse of a Virtual Team."