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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop following exposure to an extremely threatening or horrific event.It is characterized by several of the following signs or symptoms: unwanted re-experiencing of the traumatic event—such as vivid, intense, and emotion-laden intrusive memories—dissociative flashback episodes, or nightmares; active avoidance of thoughts, memories, or reminders ...
“Something like 70% to 80% of people who experience trauma don’t go on to develop PTSD, and about 20% to 30% do,” says Justin Baker, assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral health ...
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental and behavioral disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas [1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events, from which one sees little or no chance to escape).
The emergence of psychotraumatology as a field begins with the legitimization of PTSD as a psychological disorder. Symptoms of PTSD have been continuously reported in the context of war since the 6th century B.C., but it was not officially recognized as a valid disorder until it finally classified by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980. [1]
Symptom presentation must last for at least three consecutive days after trauma exposure to be classified as acute stress disorder. If symptoms persist past one month, the diagnosis of PTSD should be assessed for. [4] The presenting symptoms must also cause significant impairment in multiple domains of one's life to be diagnosed. [4]
A recent review of PTSD susceptibility suggested that a range as wide as 30% to 70% of susceptibility to PTSD can be attributed to heritability. [100] From our observations of mice in transgenerational research, we have seen that the epigenetic modifications that stem from trauma can be passed down multiple generations. [ 99 ]
Sleep is often a core focus for both diagnosis and management of PTSD with 70% of PTSD patients reporting insomnia or sleep disturbances. [6] When studied against controls, however, little difference was measured in the quality of sleep suggesting paradoxical insomnia along with physiological H-P-A axis involvement and "fight or flight responses".
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