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Aristotle in his 'discussion of courage, maintains that committing suicide to avoid pain or other undesirable circumstances is a cowardly act. In a later chapter [of Nicomachean Ethics], he further argues that suicide is unlawful and is an act committed against the interests of the state.' [ 6 ]
Bähr, Andreas. "Between “Self-Murder” and “Suicide”: The Modern Etymology of Self-Killing." Journal of Social History 46.3 (2013): 620-632. Argues Suicide” is a modern concept—emerging in English in 1650s and in French and Spanish in late 18th century. Crocker, Lester G. "The discussion of suicide in the eighteenth century."
Suicide was a widespread occurrence in antiquity across cultures. There were many different methods and reasons for dying by suicide , and these vary across place and time. The origins of modern moral debates over the ethics of suicide can be found in this era.
A suicide attack is a political or religious action where an attacker carries out violence against others which they understand will result in their own death. [147] Some suicide bombers are motivated by a desire to obtain martyrdoms or are religiously motivated. [125]
Forced suicide is a method of execution where the victim is coerced into committing suicide to avoid facing an alternative option they perceive as much worse, such as being tortured to death, suffering public humiliation, or having friends or family members imprisoned, tortured or killed.
Aristotle conceived of politics as being like an organism rather than like a machine, and as a collection of parts none of which can exist without the others. Aristotle's conception of the city is organic, and he is considered one of the first to conceive of the city in this manner. [144] Aristotle's classifications of political constitutions
Shneidman's definition of suicide is a conscious act of self-induced annihilation, best understood as a multidimensional malaise in a needful individual who defines an issue for which suicide is perceived as the best solution. He thought of suicide as psychache or intolerable psychological pain.
Violence is often defined as the use of physical force or power by humans to cause harm and degradation to other living beings, such as humiliation, pain, injury, disablement, damage to property and ultimately death, as well as destruction to a society's living environment.