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In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. [1] X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, [2] the secure protocol for browsing the web.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 January 2025. Extension of the HTTP communications protocol to support TLS encryption Internet protocol suite Application layer BGP DHCP (v6) DNS FTP HTTP (HTTP/3) HTTPS IMAP IRC LDAP MGCP MQTT NNTP NTP OSPF POP PTP ONC/RPC RTP RTSP RIP SIP SMTP SNMP SSH Telnet TLS/SSL XMPP more... Transport layer TCP ...
In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the validity of a public key. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The certificate includes the public key and information about it, information about the identity of its owner (called the subject), and the digital signature of ...
PAdES has 4 levels of verification for digital certificate, from the most simple and basic (b-b, indicating a signature was executed with a certificate that was valid on a date) to the most complex (b-LTV) allowing electronically signed documents to remain valid for long periods (long term validity) even if underlying cryptographic algorithms ...
A registration authority (RA) which verifies the identity of entities requesting their digital certificates to be stored at the CA; A central directory—i.e., a secure location in which keys are stored and indexed; A certificate management system managing things like the access to stored certificates or the delivery of the certificates to be ...
The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued, identifying information (such as a domain name) and a proof of authenticity including integrity protection (e.g., a digital signature). The most common format for CSRs is the PKCS #10 specification; others include the more capable Certificate Request Message ...
A root certificate is the top-most certificate of the tree, the private key which is used to "sign" other certificates. All certificates signed by the root certificate, with the "CA" field set to true, inherit the trustworthiness of the root certificate—a signature by a root certificate is somewhat analogous to "notarizing" identity in the ...
A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key. A CA acts as a trusted third party—trusted both by the subject (owner) of the certificate ...