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An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis , pharyngitis , laryngitis , sinusitis , otitis media , and the common cold .
Adenovirus infection can cause a gastroenteritis when it may present with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, with or without respiratory or general symptoms. [2] Children under the age of one-year appear particularly vulnerable. [12] However, it usually resolves within three-days. [2]
Recent upper respiratory tract infections in 8–69% of patients have been reported by some studies. [5] [6] Occasionally, prodromal flu-like symptoms, including headache, joint pain, mild fever, and fatigue, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, or vomiting, and feeling generally unwell, precede other symptoms. [7] [8]
MAC bacteria should always be considered in a person with HIV infection presenting with diarrhea. [citation needed] The diagnosis requires consistent symptoms with two additional signs: [citation needed] Chest X-ray or CT scan showing evidence of right middle lobe (or left lingular lobe) lung infection; Sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage ...
Rotavirus infections can occur throughout life: the first usually produces symptoms, but subsequent infections are typically mild or asymptomatic, [72] [48] as the immune system provides some protection. [73] Consequently, symptomatic infection rates are highest in children under two years of age and decrease progressively towards 45 years of ...
As the symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis overlap with other conditions, it can be difficult to make the diagnosis clinically. [13] Coughing, nasal discharge, diarrhea, and red, irritated eyes in addition to fever and sore throat are more indicative of a viral sore throat than of strep throat. [13]
Typical infections of the upper respiratory tract include tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, certain influenza types, and the common cold. [3] Symptoms of URIs can include cough , sore throat , runny nose , nasal congestion , headache , low-grade fever , facial pressure, and sneezing .
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. [2] Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild clinical course, but in some outbreaks, the mortality rate approaches 10%. [1] Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe, [1] and usually start two to five days after exposure. [2]