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Strain rate is the rate of deformation, and is negative during systole, when the ventricle shortens. Strain rate, however, becomes positive when the ventricle lengthens. Thus the more rapid phase shifts show details of the lengthening, displaying that it is not homogeneous. Strain rate colour curved anatomical M-mode. The yellow line is drawn ...
Mathematically, three components of normal strain (εx, εy, and εz) and three components of shear strain (εxy, εxz, and εyz) are recognized. Congruently, when applied to the left ventricle , left ventricular deformation is defined by the three normal strains (longitudinal, circumferential, and radial) and three shear strains ...
Cardiac amyloidosis produces specific alterations to the functionality of the heart. Echocardiography can be utilized to detect this specific pattern (relative preservation of the apical myocardium with decreased longitudinal strain in the mid and basal sections), which is 90–95% sensitive and 80–85% specific for cardiac amyloidosis. [4]
Sonographer doing an echocardiogram of a child Echocardiogram in the parasternal long-axis view, showing a measurement of the heart's left ventricle. Health societies recommend the use of echocardiography for initial diagnosis when a change in the patient's clinical status occurs and when new data from an echocardiogram would result in the physician changing the patient's care. [7]
The myocytes of the heart (also called the myocardial fibers) are arranged in a general circumferential direction in the ventricles. In the left ventricle (LV), the fiber will change gradually in direction from a certain longitudinal-circumferential direction in the outer layer of the heart (epicardium) to another angulated direction almost orthogonal in the inner wall (endocardium), becoming ...
An important potential finding with echo is McConnell's sign, where only the RV apex wall contracts; [7] it is specific for right heart strain and typically indicates a large PE. [8] On an electrocardiogram (ECG), there are multiple ways RV strain can be demonstrated. A finding of S1Q3T3 [b] is an insensitive [10] sign of right heart strain. [11]
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
The electrical axis of the heart is the net direction in which the wave of depolarization travels. It is measured using an electrocardiogram (ECG).Normally, this begins at the sinoatrial node (SA node); from here the wave of depolarisation travels down to the apex of the heart.