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The Hogben test, named after the British zoologist Lancelot Hogben, was one of the most reliable and rapid pregnancy tests from the 1940s to the 1960s. [6] The urine samples were injected into African clawed frogs. The Hogben test uses female frogs, unlike the Galli-Mainini test which uses male frogs.
Lancelot Thomas Hogben FRS [1] FRSE (9 December 1895 – 22 August 1975) was a British experimental zoologist and medical statistician. He developed the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) as a model organism for biological research in his early career, attacked the eugenics movement in the middle of his career, and wrote popular books on science, mathematics and language in his later career.
This test, known as the frog test, was used throughout the world from the 1930s to 1960s, with Xenopus frogs being exported in great numbers. [38] [39] Shapiro's advisor, Lancelot Hogben, claimed to have developed the pregnancy test himself, but this was refuted by both Shapiro and Zwarenstein in a letter to the British Medical Journal.
A later alternative to the rabbit test, known as the "Hogben test", used the African clawed frog, and yielded results without the need to cut the animal open. [6] Modern pregnancy tests continue to operate on the basis of testing for the presence of the hormone hCG in the blood or urine, but they no longer require the use of a live animal.
In the 1930s, two South African researchers, Hillel Shapiro and Harry Zwarenstein, [26] students of Lancelot Hogben at the University of Cape Town, discovered that the urine from pregnant women would induce oocyte production in X. laevis within 8–12 hours of injection. [27] This was used as a simple and reliable test up through to the 1960s. [28]
Interglossa (lit. "between + language") is a constructed language devised by biologist Lancelot Hogben during World War II, as an attempt to put the international lexicon of science and technology, mainly of Greek and Latin origin, into a language with a purely isolating grammar.
This page was last edited on 8 February 2024, at 10:40 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Hogben toad can mean: A newsletter of Macquarie University Students Council, see Macquarie University Campus Experience#Hogben Toad Xenopus laevis , a toad used by Hogben for pregnancy testing, after which the newsletter was named