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A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma .
Micrograph highlighting the sustentacular cells in a paraganglioma. S100 immunostain. A sustentacular cell is a type of cell primarily associated with structural support, they can be found in various tissues.
The S100 proteins are a family of low molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix ("EF-hand-type") conformation. At least 21 different S100 proteins are known. [1] They are encoded by a family of genes whose symbols use the S100 prefix, for example, S100A1, S100A2, S100A3.
A gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare tumour that is typically found in the duodenum and consists of three components: (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (paraganglioma-like) and, (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like).
In the Pacak–Zhuang syndrome, patients have somatic gain of function mutations in the genes encoding for HIF2A, leading to prolonged HIF-2α activity and, thus, an increase in its half-life. [5] While each patient has different nucleic acid changes, all patients are found to have a point mutation near the prolyl-sensing residue site ...
They are universally S-100 positive, which is a marker for cells of neural crest cell origin. Schwannomas of the head and neck are a fairly common occurrence and can be found incidentally in 3–4% of patients at autopsy. [ 4 ]
6275 20198 Ensembl ENSG00000196154 ENSMUSG00000001020 UniProt P26447 P07091 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_019554 NM_002961 NM_011311 RefSeq (protein) NP_002952 NP_062427 NP_035441 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 153.54 – 153.55 Mb Chr 3: 90.51 – 90.51 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Protein S100-A4 (S100A4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A4 gene. Function The protein ...
If the assumption is made that, on average, people live a half year on the year of their death, the complete life expectancy at age would be + /, which is denoted by e̊ x, and is the intuitive definition of life expectancy. By definition, life expectancy is an arithmetic mean. It can also be calculated by integrating the survival curve from 0 ...