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CH 3 OH + HI → CH 3 I + H 2 O; CH 3 I + CO → CH 3 COI; CH 3 COI + H 2 O → CH 3 COOH + HI; Two related processes exist for the carbonylation of methanol: the rhodium-catalyzed Monsanto process, and the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process. The latter process is greener and more efficient and has largely supplanted the former process. [19]
HOCH 2 (CH 2) 2 COOH 2-oxobutanoic acid: α-ketobutyric acid: CH 3 CH 2 COCOOH 3-oxobutanoic acid: acetoacetic acid diacetic acid: CH 3 COCH 2 COOH 4-oxobutanoic acid: succinic semialdehyde: OHC(CH 2) 2 COOH butanedioic acid: succinic acid: HOOC(CH 2) 2 COOH 2-methylpropanedioic acid: methylmalonic acid: HOOCCH(CH 3)COOH -butenedioic acid ...
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate.It is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
CH 3 COOH → CH 3 COO − → CH 3 COO· → CH 3 · + CO 2 2CH 3 · → CH 3 CH 3. Another example is the synthesis of 2,7-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrooctane from 4-methyl-4-nitrovaleric acid: [3] The Kolbe reaction has also been occasionally used in cross-coupling reactions.
In solution, it can ionize by a loss of a proton to produce the lactate ion CH 3 CH(OH)CO − 2. Compared to acetic acid, its pK a is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid. This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.
To help keep the air quality at lower levels, try to carpool, bike or walk if possible and refuel vehicles after 8 p.m. Try to avoid idling vehicles and use gas-powered lawn equipment, including ...
A common type of organic acid anhydride is a carboxylic anhydride, where the parent acid is a carboxylic acid, the formula of the anhydride being (RC(O)) 2 O. Symmetrical acid anhydrides of this type are named by replacing the word acid in the name of the parent carboxylic acid by the word anhydride. [2] Thus, (CH 3 CO) 2 O is called acetic ...