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Diplotaxodon is a small genus of seven formally described, as well as a number of undescribed, deep-water species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi in east Africa.These fishes represent a remarkable adaptive radiation of offshore and deep-water adapted fish descended from ancestral shallow water forms.
Almost all of the cichlid species of Lake Malawi, including mbuna and non mbuna such as the utaka, are believed to have descended from one or a very few species that became isolated in the lake. With rising water levels, new habitats could be colonized and the many isolated rocky outcrops allowed new mbuna species to form. [3]
Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, [6] including at least 700 species of cichlids. [7] The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, [ 8 ] while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park .
Rhamphochromis is a genus of East African haplochromine cichlids endemic to the Lake Malawi basin, also including Lake Malombe, Lake Chilingali, Chia Lagoon and upper Shire River. [1] They mainly occur in offshore open waters (down to depths of 200 m or 660 ft [ 2 ] ), but a few species also near the coast. [ 3 ]
The zebra mbuna (Maylandia zebra) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in Africa. This species can reach a length of 11.3 cm (4.4 in). It feeds on aufwuchs, a surface layer of mostly algal material that grows on rocks. This cichlid is a mouthbrooder and the female broods the eggs in her mouth for about three weeks.
Fossorochromis rostratus is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. The only species in its genus, it is a relatively large (up to 24.4 centimetres (9.6 in) in total length), sexually dimorphic cichlid. [2] It feeds on small invertebrates that often are caught by sifting mouthfuls of sand.
Pseudotropheus saulosi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa, where it lives in areas with rocky substrates. [2] It is classified as a dwarf-mbuna and was first described by Ad Konings in 1990, who gave it the specific name saulosi in honour of Saulos Mwale who caught over 3,000 specimens in a single day on the expedition which collected the type. [3]
The elongate mbuna (Pseudotropheus elongatus) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is known from Mkata Bay and Mbamba Bay. It prefers areas with rocky substrates where it can graze on algae. It can reach a length of 9.5 centimetres (3.7 in) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. [2]
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