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The two main disciplines of geomechanics are soil mechanics and rock mechanics.Former deals with the soil behaviour from a small scale to a landslide scale. The latter deals with issues in geosciences related to rock mass characterization and rock mass mechanics, such as applied to petroleum, mining and civil engineering problems, such as borehole stability, tunnel design, rock breakage, slope ...
A rock mass rating system provides a method of incorporating some of the complex mechanics of actual rocks into engineering design. Moreover, the system was the first to enable estimation of rock mass properties, such as the modulus of deformation, in addition to providing tunnel support guidelines and the stand-up time of underground excavations.
Rock mechanics is a theoretical and applied science of the mechanical behavior of rocks and rock masses. [1] Compared to geology, it is the branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock and rock masses to the force fields of their physical environment. [1] Grus sand, and the granitoid from which it is derived.
A discontinuity may exist as a single feature (e.g. fault, isolated joint or fracture) and in some circumstances, a discontinuity is treated as a single discontinuity although it belongs to a discontinuity set, in particular if the spacing is very wide compared to the size of the engineering application or to the size of the geotechnical unit.
The rock's mechanical or geomechanical properties are also used within petrophysics to determine the reservoir strength, elastic properties, hardness, ultrasonic behaviour, index characteristics and in situ stresses. [6] Petrophysicists use acoustic and density measurements of rocks to compute their mechanical properties and strength.
Slope mass rating (SMR) is a rock mass classification scheme developed by Manuel Romana [1] [2] [3] to describe the strength of an individual rock outcrop or slope. The system is founded upon the more widely used RMR scheme, [4] which is modified with quantitative guidelines to the rate the influence of adverse joint orientations (e.g. joints dipping steeply out of the slope).
In geotechnical engineering, rock mass plasticity is the study of the response of rocks to loads beyond the elastic limit. Historically, conventional wisdom has it that rock is brittle and fails by fracture , while plasticity (irreversible deformation without fracture) is identified with ductile materials such as metals .
Rock Structure Rating (RSR) is a quantitative method for describing quality of a rock mass and appropriate ground support, in particular, for steel-rib support, developed by Wickham, Tiedemann and Skinner. [1] [2] [3] The RSR concept introduced a rating system for rock masses. It was the sum of weighted values in this classification system.