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The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Cervical cancer is the abnormal growth of the cells that line the cervix, resulting in the cells growing out of control and potentially spreading to areas outside of the cervix. [14] The cervix is the lower part of the uterus. It connects the upper part of the uterus with the vagina. The cervix is divided into two parts based on the types of cells.
Pap stain. Gynaecologic cytology, also gynecologic cytology, is a field of pathology concerned with the investigation of disorders of the female genital tract. [1] The most common investigation in this field is the Pap test, which is used to screen for potentially precancerous lesions of the cervix.
The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1] [4] [5] and 2014. [6]
Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology , [ 1 ] where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis.
posterior axillary line: PALS: Pediatric advanced life support (training program) PAN: polyarteritis nodosa: PAO: peak acid output: PAOD: peripheral artery occlusive disease: PAP: Papanicolaou stain positive airway pressure pulmonary artery pressure (see pulmonary hypertension) [1] pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Pap: Papanicolaou test (pap ...
Co-testing with a Pap test and HPV test is recommended because it decreases the rate of false-negatives. According to the National Cancer Institute, "The most common test detects DNA from several high-risk HPV types, but it cannot identify the types that are present.
The Ayre spatula is a device used to collect Pap smear. It is a wooden spatula with U-shaped openings on one side and a flat surface on another. [1] The broad end is for vaginal sample collection and the narrow end is for cervical sample collection. It is rotated 360 degrees in the vagina to obtain the cells to be sent for Pap smear examination.