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The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. [3] The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I ( c. 960 –992). [ 4 ] The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great .
The Piast lands totaled about 250,000 km 2 (96,526 sq mi) in area, [8] with an approximate population of under one million. [9] Expansion of the Polans territory under the Piast dynasty in the 10th century. Initially a pagan, Mieszko I was the first ruler of the Polans tribal union known from contemporary written sources.
Brzeg Castle, place of death of the last duke of the Piast dynasty in 1675 In 1327, King John I of Bohemia began accepting the fealty of the Silesian dukes as part of his claim on the Polish crown. At the Treaty of Trentschin on 24 August 1335 it was agreed that John would abandon his claim and in return receive the suzerainty of the Silesian ...
The Duchy of Silesia (Polish: Księstwo śląskie, German: Herzogtum Schlesien, Czech: Slezské knížectví) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval provincial duchy of Poland located in the region of Silesia.
In the Middle Ages, Silesia was divided among many duchies ruled by various dukes of the Piast dynasty. During this time, cultural and ethnic German influence increased due to immigrants from the German-speaking components of the Holy Roman Empire , as the region's economy developed, and towns were founded under German town law .
First geographical map of Lower Silesia (to south) by Martin Helwig, 1561 Piast state from 1329 onwards became a Czech vassal, the political weakness of the duchy continued, caused by domestic conflicts between Bolesław's the Wastefull sons Wenceslaus and Louis the Fair strengthening the influences of the Bohemian monarchs .
Casimir III is the only Polish king to receive the title "Great", and his reign was marked by substantial developments in the kingdom's urban infrastructure, civic administration, and military strength. After his death on 5 November 1370, the rule of the Piast dynasty would come to an end.
The Piast family branch, which ruled over Duchy of Brzeg, lived in the castle between 1311 until 1675. [3] In 1342, the castle was made the capital seat of the duchy after which it was refurbished many times. In 1370, Prince Ludwik I extended the castle and constructed its chapel which includes the Piast dynasty mausoleum. [2]