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The presentation and symptoms a patient can present with are varied and often dependent on the underlying cause of the junctional rhythm. Patient's can be asymptomatic for example, or experience difficulty breathing and chest pain if they have underlying congestive heart failure.
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition affecting repolarization (relaxing) of the heart after a heartbeat, giving rise to an abnormally lengthy QT interval. [7] It results in an increased risk of an irregular heartbeat which can result in fainting, drowning, seizures, or sudden death. [1]
A 12 lead recording, recording the electrical activity in three planes, anterior, posterior, and lateral is the most commonly used form. The ECG allows observation of the heart electrical activity by visualizing waveform beat origin (typically from the sinoatrial or SA node) following down the bundle of HIS and ultimately stimulating the ...
electrocardiography (EKG) Continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring (e.g. Holter monitor) echocardiography; Radionuclide imaging; Endomyocardial biopsy; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) Cardiac rhythm monitors can be used to diagnose tachyarrhythmias. The most common modality used is an EKG.
Pre-excitation syndrome is a heart condition in which part of the cardiac ventricles are activated too early. [1] Pre-excitation is caused by an abnormal electrical connection or accessory pathway between or within the cardiac chambers. Pre-excitation may not cause any symptoms but may lead to palpitations caused by abnormal heart rhythms.
Diagnosis is typically by electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, or event monitor. [4] Blood tests may be done to rule out specific underlying causes such as hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytomas, or electrolyte abnormalities. [4] A normal resting heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
The resting 12-lead ECG is a useful test to differentiate CPVT from other electrical diseases of the heart that can cause similar abnormal heart rhythms. Unlike conditions such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome , the resting 12-lead ECG in those with CPVT is generally normal. [ 8 ]
Screenshot of a software for digital ECG processing. Automated ECG interpretation is the use of artificial intelligence and pattern recognition software and knowledge bases to carry out automatically the interpretation, test reporting, and computer-aided diagnosis of electrocardiogram tracings obtained usually from a patient.