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Alachlor is an herbicide from the chloroacetanilide family. It is an odorless, white solid. The greatest use of alachlor is for control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in crops. Use of alachlor is illegal in the European Union [1] and no products containing alachlor are currently registered in the United States. [2]
Chloroacetyl chloride is bifunctional—the acyl chloride easily forms esters [4] and amides, while the other end of the molecule is able to form other linkages, e.g. with amines. The use of chloroacetyl chloride in the synthesis of lidocaine is illustrative: [ 5 ]
[4] It is approved for pre-emergence application or for pre-planting application with soil incorporation, in corn . ( maize ) at 5 litres / hectare (1835g / hectare of a.i.) [ 5 ] It is the main active ingredient in Acenit, Keystone, Guardian, Harness, Relay, Sacemid, Surpass, Top-Hand, Trophy and Winner.
Though there is no set maximum concentration (maximum contaminant level, MCL) for metolachlor that is allowed in drinking water, the US EPA does have a health advisory level (HAL) of 0.525 mg/L. Metolachlor has been detected in ground and surface waters in concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 4.5 parts per billion (ppb) throughout the U.S. [9]
Chloroacetamide is produced by ammonolysis of esters of chloroacetic acid: [3] [4] ClCH 2 CO 2 CH 3 + NH 3 → ClCH 2 C(O)NH 2 + CH 3 OH. Uses.
Chloroacetonitrile is the organic compound with the formula ClCH 2 CN. A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. [1]
Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal acetylides of the general formula MC≡CM are salt-like Zintl phase compounds, containing C 2− 2 ions. Evidence for this ionic character can be seen in the ready hydrolysis of these compounds to form acetylene and metal oxides, and by solubility in liquid ammonia with solvated C 2−
Hydrated chloroacetaldehyde is produced by the chlorination of aqueous vinyl chloride: . ClCH=CH 2 + Cl 2 + H 2 O → ClCH 2 CHO + 2 HCl. It can also be prepared from vinyl acetate [5] or by careful chlorination of acetaldehyde. [1]