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The first four seem to be involved in the hydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol. CYP2E1 seems to be the primary enzyme in the hydroxylation of toluene, accounting for roughly 44% of toluene metabolism; [1] however, there is a great deal of ethnic variability, in the Finnish population for example the primary enzyme is CYP2B6.
Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. If not in contact with air, toluene can remain unchanged in soil or water for a long time. [39] Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, [40] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and ...
Ecosystem food chains can be affected due to a decrease in algae productivity therefore threatening certain species. [24] Oil is "acutely lethal" to fish - that is, it kills fish quickly, at a concentration of 4000 parts per million [25] (0.4%). The toxicity of petroleum related products threaten human health.
A food contaminant is a harmful chemical or microorganism present in food, which can cause illness to the consumer. Contaminated food . The impact of chemical contaminants on consumer health and well-being is often apparent only after many years of processing and prolonged exposure at low levels (e.g., cancer). Unlike food-borne pathogens ...
Overview of the interdisciplinarity of environmental toxicology Categories of organisms commonly used for assessing environmental toxicity. Environmental toxicology is a multidisciplinary field of science concerned with the study of the harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms.
Like other types of phenols, they are slowly oxidized by exposure to air, and the resulting impurities often give the samples a yellow to brownish red tint. Cresols have an odor characteristic to that of other simple phenols, reminiscent to some of a " coal tar " smell.
Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, BHT has low acute toxicity [6] (e.g., the desmethyl analog of BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD 50 of >9 g/kg [11]). The US Food and Drug Administration classifies BHT as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food preservative when used in an approved manner.
Toluene is now often used as a substitute for benzene, for instance as a fuel additive. The solvent-properties of the two are similar, but toluene is less toxic and has a wider liquid range. Toluene is also processed into benzene. [69] Major commodity chemicals and polymers derived from benzene. Clicking on the image loads the appropriate article