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CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, / ˈ s iː m ɒ s /, also US: /-ɔː s / [1]) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [2]
The transistor channel length is smaller in modern CMOS technologies, which makes achieving high gain in single-stage amplifiers very challenging. To achieve high gain, the literature has suggested many techniques. [6] [7] [8] The following sections look at different amplifier topologies and their features.
It had a lateral APS structure similar to the Toshiba sensor, but was fabricated with CMOS rather than PMOS transistors. [1] It was the first CMOS sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer. [2] In 1999, Hyundai Electronics announced the commercial production of a 800x600 color CMOS image sensor based on 4T pixel with a high performance pinned ...
A micrograph of the corner of the photosensor array of a webcam digital camera Image sensor (upper left) on the motherboard of a Nikon Coolpix L2 6 MP. The two main types of digital image sensors are the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor), fabricated in complementary MOS (CMOS) or N-type MOS (NMOS or Live MOS) technologies.
HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits. [ 1 ] The 74HC00 family followed, and improved upon, the 74C00 series (which provided an alternative CMOS logic family to the 4000 series but retained the part number ...
Diode–transistor logic improved the fan-out up to about 7, and reduced the power. Some DTL designs used two power-supplies with alternating layers of NPN and PNP transistors to increase the fan-out. Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) was a great improvement over these. In early devices, fan-out improved to 10, and later variations reliably ...
DRAM chips during the early 1970s had three-transistor cells, before single-transistor cells became standard since the mid-1970s. [17] [15] CMOS memory was commercialized by RCA, which launched a 288-bit CMOS SRAM memory chip in 1968. [23] CMOS memory was initially slower than NMOS memory, which was more widely used by computers in the 1970s. [24]
The 4000 series was introduced as the CD4000 COS/MOS series in 1968 by RCA [1] as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.