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Following the venatio in the order of daily events was the execution of convicted Roman citizens of lower status, the humiliores.Usual forms of execution included burning at the stake, crucifixion, or ad bestias (when the prisoner is left alone in the ring with one or more wild animals).
The spectacles in ancient Rome were numerous, open to all citizens and generally free of charge; some of them were distinguished by the grandeur of the stagings and cruelty. Romans preferred to attend gladiatorial fights, those with ferocious beasts ( venationes ), reproductions of naval battles ( naumachia ), chariot races , athletic contests ...
Even at the height of its development as a chariot-racing circuit, the circus remained the most suitable space in Rome for religious processions on a grand scale and was the most popular venue for large-scale venationes; in the late 3rd century, the emperor Probus laid on a spectacular Circus show in which beasts were hunted through a veritable ...
Attributed by Livy to Brennus, the chief of the Gauls, stated with his demand for more gold from the citizens of the sacked city of Rome in 390 BC. vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas: vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity: Or more simply: "vanity, vanity, everything vanity". From the Vulgate, Ecclesiastes 1:2;12:8. vaticinium ex eventu
The ludi compitalicii ("crossroads games") were entertainments staged by the neighborhoods or community associations of Rome [14] in conjunction with the Compitalia, the new year festival held on movable dates between the Saturnalia and January 5 [15] in honor of the crossroads Lares.
Detail of the Gladiator Mosaic. The Gladiator Mosaic is a famous set of 5 large mosaics of gladiators and venators and two smaller ones. The mosaics are dated to the first half of the 4th century [1] and are now installed in the Salone of the Galleria Borghese in Rome. [2]
The contubernium (Latin for 'tenting-together') was the smallest organized unit of soldiers in the Roman Army and was composed of ten legionaries, [1] essentially the equivalent of a modern squad, although unlike modern squads contubernia seemed to serve no tactical role in battle.
3D reconstruction of the temple as seen from the Colosseum. It was set on a platform measuring 145 metres (476 ft) x 100 metres (330 ft). The peripteral temple itself measured 110 metres (360 ft) x 53 metres (174 ft) and 31 metres (102 ft) high (counting the statues) and consisted of two main chambers (), each housing a cult statue of a god—Venus, the goddess of love, and Roma, the goddess ...